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“Shots”
Healthcare and You
by Marvin Ackerman, MD |
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About Dr. Ackerman
"Shots"
Book Info
Articles


Medifocus Guidebook on Peripheral Neuropathy
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On Seeking the Source of Information and Examining the Evidence Before Accepting Advice
I received an email indirectly from a rather well informed family friend who frequently supplies me with material for my articles. Whenever she runs across something that appeals to her, I am sure to learn about it. If the topic also appeals to me, I must then do two things that I highly recommend doing before anyone decides to consider accepting facts and/or advice contained within a treatise. First, I go to the source of the information in order to determine the credibility of the authors as true experts in the field. This also entails determining the status of the publishing journal as a key source in the medical field. Second, I examine the evidence presented with an eye on how well the research was done, how convincing are the results, and how statistically valid do the conclusions appear to be. Therefore, when this intriguing information appeared on my monitor, accompanied as usual by a hyperlink reference, I clicked on the link. The result was a time wasting disaster because no matter how hard I tried I could not locate the source on the Internet. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition web site just did not seem to exist even though a link was supplied. I was about to give up, under the assumption that I was dealing with some bogus organization, when I realized that the article entitled "Long-term intake of vitamins and carotenoids and odds of early age-related cortical and posterior subcapsular lens opacities," written by Jacques et al, had two redeeming characteristics; it had been published that very month, March of 2002, which at the time was only a few days old, and the title was not pushy or self-seeking in nature. So I went to my regular sources and lo and behold, there it was. Using a roundabout approach, I was able to locate the article and prove that I was dealing with a well-respected Journal and researchers from recognized medical institutions. Well part one of my job was accomplished. The source was identifiable and legitimate. Now I had to examine the evidence leading to any advice contained in the results and conclusions. The details of this endeavor follow.
Ophthalmologists are generally agreed that cataracts are fairly common in people over the age of 75. Some research has indicated that avoiding excessive salt intake and reducing exposure to ultraviolet light may help reduce cataract risk, but this advice was not involved in this discussion. The major ingredient for the research in this study was the effect of proper nutrition, which has never been fully investigated. In order to avoid confusing the cataract-producing tendency of diabetes, all 492 women included in the study were nondiabetics who had been found to be free of cataracts during a prior Nurses' Health Study. Obviously, since no males were included, the findings can only be related to females.
Since the study involved information covering a 13 to 15 year period, the investigators had to rely on five food-frequency questionnaires as a means of determining usual nutrient intake, and seven questionnaires about duration of vitamin supplements used during those years. Although the reliability of information gathered over a long period in this manner must come under suspicion, we are dealing with a relatively reliable group of subjects since they were all nurses. Additionally, rather well documented statistical evaluation helped solidify the data obtained as being acceptable.
The conclusions based on the 13 to 15 years of data utilized for this study can be summarized as supporting a role for vitamin C in diminishing the risk of cortical cataracts in women under the age of 60. Notice, no mention is made of posterior subcapsular cataracts. On the other hand, it was determined that carotenoids taken by these women diminished the risk of the posterior form. Furthermore, both conclusions hold up only for women who have never smoked.
In the end, given the difficulties involved in running a study for one and a half decades, it appears that the investigators made a rather well documented and well-correlated effort to arrive at their conclusions. They also made no effort to utilize their findings for proving the value of taking any specific proprietary product from which they might profit. Finally, their work was accepted by, and published, in a reputable medical journal. At least until another group of researchers comes along to disprove the findings we can assume that vitamin C and carotenoids may truly play a role in preventing cataracts, at least in women under the age of 60. By the way, the 492 women involved in the study were all between the ages of 53 and 73 years so if you are older or younger you should weigh the evidence with a little less decisiveness while remembering that the subjects were all roughly 15 years younger when they began recording their data.
Drink down your juice dear. It has loads of vitamin C,
It's good for your eyes you know.
But mama, you said the same thing about vitamin A,
And that milk would make me grow.
Yes it's true my dear, and your mother knows best,
And one day you will thank your mom.
But mama how do you know that these things are true?
Who proved that it's good to eat some?
Just drink your milk and juice, and eat your veggies,
There's no need for proof, or even to try,
Cause my darling it came from your very own granny,
And you know she would never lie.
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Cartoons and Poems following each article are created and copyrighted by Dr. Ackerman and cannot be copied or reproduced without his permission.
Copyright © 2006 by Marvin Ackerman, M.D.
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Relax! It’s Only Your Doctor’s Waiting Room, Not the ER: Or How to Get Along With and Understand Your Doctor is an insightful but irreverent intrusion into the complexities of modern day medicine. Listen to an interview with Dr. Ackerman
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Shots Disclaimer
Editorial content of Shots belongs to and reflects the thoughts of the author only. Do not consider medical editorial reviews, news items and other general information found on Shots as a prescription, medical advice or an endorsement for any treatment or procedure. Always seek any medical advice from your doctor. Medical editorial reviews and other news items that you read about in Shots may or may not be appropriate for your particular health problem or concern. Always refer these matters to your physician for clarification and determination. Any information provided in Shots may be controversial, totally unrelated to your own situation, even harmful if taken merely at face value without appropriate evaluation of your specific condition, and therefore must be considered simply to be an editorial review, a news review or a general medical information review and not as relating to your specific condition or as information for diagnosis, evaluation or treatment of your specific condition. Unauthorized reproduction, and linking of Shots in whole or in part to any other website, webpage, print and other electronic media, i.e. TV, Videos etc. is strictly prohibited and is punishable by law.
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